Burnout

做一个助人者，除了热诚、意愿、魄力、坚持、柔软、冷静思考之外，
助人者需要开发一种很重要的能力：
那就是如何避免让自我耗竭。(burnout)。

这种能力无法在“专业我”的部分学习。
也无法在课程上、学业上学习。
以前上这么多课，也没有老师教导过。分享过。
我觉得助人者必须要很诚实地承认自己的有限。
而非让大家当着“有超能力的人”来崇拜，而且继续给予。
这会让自我耗竭的状况，更加恶化。

就像一个在锅中的实验青蛙，
就这样让热度慢慢上升，而导致活活被烫死。

所以我在助人辅导路上，看到自己有好几次的自我耗竭，
用的方式就是全然跳出来，
然后让生活慢下来、或者停下来。
然后再继续走。

虽然这不是最好的方式，
不过至少这是一种暂时舒缓、
不会让自己能量继续消耗的方式。

觉得好多助人者，到最后的仪容都是一脸苍老。
而我觉得那是一张 fatigue 疲惫不堪的脸。
近来，发现这张脸渐渐在我身上显现。
所以，我会跳出来，然后停下来、慢下来、再继续往前方走。
否则，我肯定会在锅中被烧死。
我是一只在热锅中的青蛙。
这个隐喻，真适合。哈。

这种避免 burnout 的能力需要开发，才能在助人道路上继续前进。
可是要如何开发呢？
坦白说，我现在还搞不懂。
不过，我觉得需要先了解何谓自我耗竭。(burnout）。

读了一些资料。以及自己的藏书。
稍微整理，原因如下：

1. Poor system - give more to clients and provides little support for therapist.

2. Therapist's chronic emotional stress. Emotional exhaustion.

3. Therapist's rising workloads, and their performance began to suffer.

4. The loss of autonomy in the system.

5. Increased paperwork.

6. Increased time dealing with third party reviewers.

7. Managing ethical pressures.

8. Having treatment recommendations denied.

9. Depersonalization.

10. Feelings of reduced professional accomplishment.

11. Burnout as occurring at an individual level, as an internal psychological experience involving feelings, attitudes, motives, and expectations, and as a negative experience for the individual because of problems with distress, discomfort, dysfunction, and negative consequences (Thornton, 1992). (说的真好。)

12. Burnout has generally been described as a process rather than as a result of isolated symptoms (Rosenberg & Pace, 2006).

13. Burnout is a job-related phenomenon in which work has turned into an unpleasant and dysfunctional state, and healing will not occur without outside help or organizational restructuring (Lind- blom, Linton, Fedeli, & Bryngelsson, 2006).

14. It has led to job dissatisfaction, low organizational commitment, absenteeism, intention to leave the job, and turnover (Maslach and Leiter, 2008).

15. Those who experience chronic overload at a job, rather than an occasional emergency, have little opportunity to rest, recover, and restore balance for themselves.

16. The most important component of burnout, as well as its most obvious manifestation, is emotional exhaustion (Rupert & Morgan, 2005; Taris, LeBlanc, Schaufeli, & Schreurs, 2005). Emotional exhaustion is often a stress reaction to prolonged exposure to work demands (Langballe et al., 2006);

17. it is defined as the inability to cope with feelings of being overextended and exhausted by work (Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner, & Schaufeli, 2001; Mandy, Saeter, & Lucas, 2004; Rosenberg & Pace, 2006).

18. Maslach and Leiter (2008) thought that emotional exhaustion represented the most basic individual strain dimension of burnout, which depletes a person’s emotional and physical resources. It is believed as well that chronic high job demands trigger emotional exhaustion (Taris et al., 2005).

19. Emotional exhaustion also accompanies physical exhaustion, illness, psychomotor symptoms, increased use of alcohol and drugs, and increased marital and family conflict (Lloyd & King, 2004).

20. It is believed that an individual’s emotional exhaus- tion is related to the development of depersonalization (Drake & Yadam, 1995).

21. Drake and Yadam (1995) found that emotional exhaustion reflects the mental aspect of burnout, and that depersonalization reflects the behavioral aspect of it. Depersonalization has been defined as being characterized by a mental health professional’s development of negativity and cynical attitudes toward patients, a result of exhaustion (Mandy et al., 2004; Rupert & Morgan, 2005).

22. Another description of depersonalization is an unfeeling and impersonal response toward recipients of one’s service, care, treatment, or instruction (Demerouti et al., 2001; Rosenberg & Pace, 2006).

23. Maslach and Leiter (2008) described depersonalization as the cynicism component that represents the interpersonal context dimension of burnout; it refers to negative, callous, or excessively detached responses to various aspects of a person’s job.

24. Langballe et al. (2006) believe that depersonalization is a way of coping with exhaustion by mentally distancing oneself from one’s work, particularly in relationship to a recipient of one’s service. As feelings of depersonalization and cynicism toward the job and one’s clients persist, workers’ feelings of self-efficacy and achievement of work goals tend to decline (Taris et al., 2005).

25. Once the symptoms of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization take effect, people suffering from burnout face reduced professional or personal accomplishment (Langballe et al., 2006).

26. For the third component of burnout, sufferers feel a weakening of personal accomplishment relating to their work (Mandy et al., 2004). That weakened sense of personal accomplishment means a person feels that she or he is no longer effective in working with service recipients and is not able to fulfill her or his job responsibilities (Demerouti et al., 2001; Rosenberg & Pace, 2006; Rupert & Morgan, 2005).

27. Maslach and Leiter (2008) described reduced personal accomplishment as the component of inefficacy that represents the self- evaluation dimensions of burnout, which leads to feelings of incompetence and lack of achievement and productivity on the job.

总的来说：
就是三个component。
1。emotional exhaustion,
2。depersonalization,
3。a weakened sense of personal accomplishment.


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阅读完毕之后，我的心情好多了。
我发现其实我的burnout太多于来自系统上的不足，还有情绪疲惫。

第一：
我觉得我没有 depersonalization 的状况。
我不会讨厌我的个案以及其家属。
我如何累，我也不会讨厌他们。

第二：
反而我觉得是我自己的期待让自己拥有了许多的挫败感。
还有情绪疲惫。
期待自己给多一些。期待自己能够更改善状况。
所以我提醒自己：
when you help others, you see life as weak;
when you fix others, you see life as broken;
when you serve others, you see life as whole.
－ Anonymous Author.
我们的出现只是给予服务。而不是拯救、也不是修理、整理。

第三：
我近来的身体（腰部）出了一些状况之后，
睡眠也出了一些状况。
生命的equilibrium当然也会随之出现状况。
所以在摇晃的当中，实在很难让自己在工作上有平常的表现。
我不怪自己。当然我不会责怪自己。
只是，一直觉得如果持续下去，这样的生命准会跨。
所以不让跨下的时候，我需要做一些调整。



又是一个生命功课。
加油。以量。

同事们说我：“你旅游回来了之后，整个人都回来了。”
是时候好好给自己一个长假。I promise。

期待中。



以量



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